How to Increase the Efficiency of Social Enterprises in Russia During the COVID-19 Pandemic?

The paper considers the examples of economic activities of social enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that often social enterprises are more effective than common enterprises in their responses to the processes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A model of interaction between different actors enhancing the efficiency of social enterprises in Russia by means of providing the continuous source of cashfrow is provided. At the macro-level of this model it's necessary to mention such institutions as the Ministry of Finance, because it is engaged in planning and controlling the process of public procurement activities, The Public Relations Committee, as it provides subsidies to nonprofit organizations and social enterprises based on the competition rules and the Public Chamber, as it is engaged in distributing the Presidential Grants to nonprofit organizations and social enterprises. The institutions that provide financial help to social enterprises in the range of 1 to 50 million rubles belong to the meso-level institutions in this model. They consist of the Moscow regional division of the All-Russian Popular Front, the charitable foundation KAF, the fund "Our Future” and the company Unilever. At the micro-level of this model there are two institutions: Impact Hub Moscow and Awesome Foundation. A contact should be set between these organizations to exchange the experience in the area of supporting social entrepreneurs and attracting the micro-grants of Awesome Foundation as the supplementary sources of support for the winners of the competition held by Impact Hub Moscow. This system should be balanced by setting direct contacts between each institution at the respective level so that it could enable these institutions to act effectively at each level of that model. First, we should conclude that these institutions should not act as isolated units. They should be implemented into the system of different actors supporting social enterprises, along with such potential investors as private sector companies and microfinance institutions. Second, these actors should interact in such manner that enables a cooperation between them. Conclusions refer to how these institutions should be arranged to make a system of interconnected units supporting social enterprises at three levels. © 2022, Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. All right reserved.

Covid Impact Analysis on Small and Medium Sized French Enterprises

Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SME) are the backbone of the economy of developed countries. Given their importance to the economy, it is necessary to analyze and study the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on their activities. Hence, this research evaluates the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak on the French SMEs ecosystem. We analyze the impact on the default percentage of several different economic sectors. We focus our analysis on 4 different sectors: Wholesale & retail trade, repair of motor vehicles;Construction;Manufacturing;Accommodation and food service activities. We found that the default percentage evolution is similar across the studied sectors. Furthermore, we conclude that the limited impact of Covid-19 on French SMEs can be explained by the solidarity fund implemented by the French government to reduce the economic impact of the pandemic. © 2023 IEEE.

System approaches in governmental public health: Findings from an analysis of the literature

The U.S. public health enterprise is a complex system of public and private partners, loosely coupled, which work together to improve the public's health. This scoping review utilized peer-reviewed and grey literature to understand systems approaches may be used in the design or enhancement of public health governance structures and service delivery mechanisms. Titles and s were screened against the research question and retained materials were reviewed in full. The final analytic sample included 34 articles from an initial pool of 1128 unique citations that collectively described 25 systems approaches. The findings indicate that few avenues may be present to guide design or enhancement of public health systems when needs arise, such as in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Scarcity of literature on this topic presents a challenge, and further analytical studies are needed to inform evidence-based systems design strategies and applications. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An Integrated Approach for Mapping Batik SMEs during Covid-19

Small Medium Enterprise (SMEs) are a type of business that has an important role increase in Gross Domestic Income (GDP) as well as backbone of economy in Indonesia. The decline in turnover, aspects of production, trade and labor are impact of Covid-19 pandemic. The method used integration of Balanced Score Card (BSC), FANP and FTOPSIS. BSC used determine measurement of SMEs indicators, FANP used determine weight of each indicator and FTOPSIS for ranking and mapping SMEs. The purpose research is to mapping of SMEs Batik with integration fuzzy ANP dan TOPSIS methods. The contribution of research is use BSC indicator, namely use of market places, and online product marketing, implementation of health protocols and Covid-19. Based on smallest Consistency Ratio (CR), the mapping results show that 52% of batik SMEs enter repair industry level, 23% of SMEs are at developing industry level, and 15% at advanced industrial level. Research contributes to cooperatives and SMEs players in recommending improvements to performance of SMEs based on Fuzzy with relevant indicators during Covid-19 pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.

Credit Risk Evaluation Model of Small-Micro Enterprises for Rural Commercial Bank Based on XGBoost and Random Forest

As an important pillar of the real economy, small-micro enterprises are facing many difficulties in operation under the dual impact of the global economic downturn and the COVID-19 epidemic. And they are in urgent need of external financing to tide over the difficulties. The purpose of rural commercial bank is to serve small and medium-sized enterprises and agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Therefore, the financing of rural commercial bank is crucial for the development of small-micro enterprises. However, due to unstable development mode, imperfect management mechanism and other reasons, small-micro enterprises usually have high credit risk, which brings great challenges to the loan risk control of rural commercial bank. Effective evaluation of credit risk of small-micro enterprises is the basis of rural commercial bank's loan decision-making and an important issue concerned by theory and practice. This paper studies the credit risk evaluation model of rural commercial bank for small-micro enterprises. Firstly, a set of credit risk evaluation indicator system combining financial and behavioral indicators is constructed, which expands the disadvantages of traditional research that only considers financial indicators is too one-sided. Secondly, XGBoost model is used to screen indicators and build a credit risk evaluation model of small-micro enterprises based on improved random forest. Finally, the effectiveness of the model is verified by comparing with other traditional models, and the experiment proves that the introduction of behavioral indicators can significantly improve the effectiveness of the model. © 2022 ACM.

Research on Location Model of FMCG Supply Chain Network under the Mode of Cross-level Service

In 2020, the FMCG market suffered a severe impact due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The price of FMCG fell for the first time in five years as consumers turned to buy cheaper commodities because of the uncertainty. However, the overall sales growth of FMCG remained at a high level. It indicates that the FMCG enterprises are supplying rising demand at decreasing prices, which results in lower profits. In addition, due to the rising price of raw materials, further reducing the profits of FMCG enterprises. In view of the problems above, reducing cost has become the primary issue considered by the FMCG enterprises. Therefore, this paper proposes a mode of cross-level service to optimize the FMCG supply chain network in view of the long distribution channel chain of FMCG, builds a model of RDCs location and capacity design under the mode of cross-level service, and obtains the optimal solution by Supply Chain Guru. © 2022 SPIE

The measurement and discriminant analysis of enterprise resilience

The current environment is complex and uncertain. COVID-19 not only brings challenges to the government’s public health governance, but also disrupts the industrial supply chain and poses a crisis to the survival and transformation development of enterprises, which has raised severe tests to the resilience of enterprises and has also become an important issue for scholars to study. The existing academic research and practical experience show that resilience is the key ability to support enterprises to survive the crisis, and stability and adaptability are the main characteristics of resilient enterprises. Stable performance improves enterprise operation efficiency, and adaptability improves strategic flexibility. This paper focuses on the quantitative study of enterprise resilience, analyzes the relationship between stability and adaptability from the perspective of paradox, and selects efficiency and flexibility as discriminant variables from the outcomes of resilience. Based on the financial data of the resilient enterprises and the control group, the variables affecting the resilience of enterprises were determined by discriminant analysis and the measurement indexes were constructed to establish the calculation method of enterprise resilience. By calculating the scores of resilient enterprises and the control group, it is found that the scores of resilient enterprises are significantly higher than the control group in terms of stability and adaptability, which verifies the paradoxical relationship between them. This shows that the resilient firm is not an either-or choice between stability and adaptability, and there is a continuously distributed behavior space between them. Therefore, resilient enterprises adapt to the changing and highly uncertain business environment through constant change and innovation while maintaining the bottom line of survival in the crisis. © 2022, Editorial Board of Journal of Systems Engineering Society of China. All right reserved.

The Adoption of E-Commerce by Businesses in Bahrain During Covid-19

E-commerce plays an important and prominent role in the modern era, especially with the continued emergence of new technologies, which opened new horizons for entrepreneurs and business owners of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to pursue business growth. Currently, SMEs are no longer limited to practicing their business activities locally but internationally. Digitalization has a vital role in elevating the state of competitiveness between firms, which prompts many SMEs to acquire technologies that facilitate the business transition to e-commerce considering gaining a competitive advantage over their rivals and maintaining relevance in their field. This research will further explore the different challenges SMEs faced in Bahrain during the Covid-19 period and analyze the various obstacles faced during e-commerce adaptation. The analysis considers three main categories: organizational Readiness, environmental Readiness, and technological Readiness. This study aims to demonstrate SMEs' willingness to transition their business activities to e-commerce after the devastating repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was designed and shared with 110 employees working at SMEs, and 100 responses were received and selected to be the research sample size. The research revealed that SMEs in Bahrain faced many obstacles to transform into e-commerce businesses during the pandemic and among the challenges were the financial cost of such transformation. The study provided further recommendations for future studies. © 2022 IEEE.

Value Co-creation Building to Sustain Indonesian MSMEs in the New Normal Era

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in a country's economy. However, the pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) and numerous changes in the general business environment have compelled MSMEs to embrace open innovation. However, due to their low digital literacy, Indonesian MSMEs are still having difficulty conducting open innovation. The goal of this research is to provide solutions for Indonesian MSMEs to address these issues. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative study and gathered data through in-depth interviews with a variety of stakeholders. This research provides a value co-creation model between Indonesian MSMEs, university, students, and consumers. © 2021 IEEE.

Machine learning method to solve the credit decision-making problem of small and medium-sized enterprises

Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) play important roles in our economy. However, the scale of SMEs is relatively small. There is also a lack of pledged assets, which results in a problem of difficulty in borrowing funds. Banks face the problem that how can they determine whether to lend or not when evaluating SMEs credit risk factors, including the strength and reputation, as well as credit strategies, such as loan quota, interest rate and term. In this paper, support vector machine and decision tree method are comprehensively used to learn the enterprises data and evaluate the credit rating of enterprises lacking credit information. A linear optimization model is established based on the bank's principle of maximizing the expected annual profit, and this paper provides the optimal strategy for banks to decide the amount of loans granted to each enterprise. In addition, emergency situation is taken as an example, such as Covid-19 epidemic, by utilizing machine learning method and optimization theory, based on the fact that banks expect to maximize profit, establish an optimization model with wider applicability. And this paper provides credit strategy for banks when facing unexpected environmental emergency. © 2021 SPIE.

IMPLEMENTING LEAN SIX SIGMA IN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES FOR COMPETITIVENESS AND RESILIENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE AFRICA MSME'S DURING AND AFTER COVID-19

This research aims at evaluating possible ways of implementing the lean six sigma tools and principles to micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to develop Competitiveness and resilience during and after the pandemic. The emergence of COVID-19's economic repercussion on MSMEs is part of a global a crisis that has positioned SMEs under enormous strain to survive, requiring them to effectively adapt to changes in crisis situations. SMEs make a substantial contribution to various economies globally, as evidenced by the fact that they account for a large portion of the countries' GDP while also providing a source of income for millions of individuals. SMEs are the most susceptible during the pandemic because of their limited access to capital, technology among other causes. This study will provide MSMEs' recommendations and remain competitive through resilience by developing inherent operational excellence for continuous improvement in their business process. Copyright © 2021 by Naudé Scribante. Permission granted to IAMOT to publish and use.

AN ENTERPRISE SOCIAL MEDIA MATURITY MODEL FOR SMEs

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are most affected by turbulent environments as they usually face cost restrains and difficulties in accessing qualified experts. Pushed by the COVID-19 outbreak, governments implemented a complete or partial “lockdown” in many countries. This situation disrupted the business environment, touching more dramatically SMEs. To cope with these challenges, working and collaborating remotely has become the new normal, and the use of information and communication technology (ICT) a necessity, accelerating the process of Digital Transformation. Enterprise Social Media (ESM) describes ICT tools with the potential to affect the organizational context and structure, as they encompass all distinct capabilities of social media, adapted for the working environment, supporting communication, collaboration, innovation, and efficiency. To benefit from the ESM use imposed by the pandemic context, SMEs need guidance and parameters to evaluate and develop their ESM initiatives. Literature suggests that maturity models are relevant for supporting organizations in these types of challenges. However, maturity models focusing on the socio-technical characteristics of this transformation and the internal and external contingencies of SMEs are rare. By performing a systematic literature review about the existing maturity models for general-purpose social media through the lens of the contingency theory and considering the social-technical perspective of this phenomenon, the objective of this paper is to reduce this gap, by proposing a maturity model adapted to the context of Digital Transformation and SMEs. Copyright © 2021 by Naudé Scribante. Permission granted to IAMOT to publish and use.

How to increase the efficiency of social enterprises during the covid-19 pandemic?

The paper considers the examples of economic activities of social enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that often social enterprises are more effective than common enterprises in their responses to the processes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. A model of interaction between different actors enhancing the efficiency of social enterprises by means of providing the continuous source of cashflow is provided. At the macro-level of this model it’s necessary to mention such interesting program as Pay for Success which was initiated by B. Obama’s Administration in 2009. Indeed, this program was a way of government support of the social entrepreneurship programs, but only those programs which proved to be successful during the process of their realization. At the meso-level of mechanisms supporting social enterprises we should mention such institutions as the social stock exchange and microfinance institutions. In order to enhance the efficiency of the social stock exchange as a new financial tool for supporting social enterprises one should make some arrangements. First, we should conclude that this instrument should not act as an isolated unit. It should be implemented into the system of different actors supporting social enterprises, along with such potential investors as private sector companies and microfinance institutions. Second, these actors should interact in such manner that enables a cooperation between them. For instance, microfinance institutions should be encouraged to support the social stock exchange. They could do it through providing loans for attracting brokers who could find respectable institutional and strategic investors for the social stock exchange. These loans could be repaid from the profits that brokers could get from selling shares. The system would be enhanced by encouraging private sector companies to act in this process. The private sector companies could acquire shares at the social stock exchange, and they could be encouraged to do so by the policy of tax rate decreasing for those companies, who would invest into the social enterprises.

How do high-tech software smes in china manage risks and survive in today’s complex environment?

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of the national economy in China. However, the average life expectancy of Chinese SMEs is only 3.7 years with more than half of the SMEs failing to survive beyond their first five years. And in 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has further aggravated the pressure among SMEs to survive. As a result of this pandemic, many Chinese SMEs struggled with their risk management approaches. Some had to lay off employees, cut salaries and even suspend operations in exchange for a chance of survival. The ongoing pandemic has raised many questions about the risk management strategies and the resilience of SMEs. Some researchers even questioned the effectiveness of some of these risk-management strategies. There is now a crucial need to understand the importance of effective risk management strategies so as to attain a competitive advantage in an unpredictable market. However, there are very limited studies that shed light on the risk management of Chinese SMEs, especially in the high-tech market and in the complex times of COVID-19. How do successful Chinese SMEs sustain and survive in such competition in the high-tech market? What strategies do they apply to manage risks and how effective are these strategies? How do they respond to changes in the market to retain and drive their organizational sustainability and survival? This paper explores some of these gaps by using case studies of 10 successful SMEs from the Chinese High-tech market. Using interviews with the founder-entrepreneurs from these SMEs, the paper discusses how these SMEs approach different risk management strategies including that of COVID-19. The paper will also explore the crucial role played by the founder-entrepreneurs in the decision-making process of risk management.

Towards sustainable and agile business: Orchestrating business agility framework for the recovery of small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) affected by covid-19 in indonesia

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are expected to boost the country’s economy. However, the COVID-19 pandemic that happened in 2020 collapsed businesses, especially SMEs in Indonesia. One of the measures to allow small and medium-sized enterprises to respond to the uncertainties of a pandemic is to improve the agility of their companies. Besides agile, SMEs nowadays also concerned with the sustainable elements to tackle social and environmental issues. Business agility is known to be capable of enabling small and medium-sized enterprises to respond effectively to what is happening in the field and to ensure that they do not lose customers. The study was undertaken as a conceptual framework supported by extensive literature review. The assessment of business agility is dependent on the operational agility, customer agility, and partnership agility. The businesses turbulence caused by this pandemic also likely to strengthen the relationship between business agility and SMEs performance. The findings of this study are useful not only to SMEs owners, but also to the government to bridge the agility ability of SMEs industry with customer preferences. © 2021, Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. All rights reserved.

Women entrepreneurs in fnb sector faces covid-19 pandemic

Covid-19 pandemic has catches global attention and caused huge impact in all sectors. Micro and Small Medium Enterprises (MSME) viewed as one of the economic entities that struggle during economic crisis, yet vulnerable if failed to adapt the situation. According to data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (2020), up to ninety-eight percent of business actors are micro and ultra-micro, with daily income and many of them were unable to run a business during the pandemic. In fact, about sixty percent of the number of MSME are managed by women whose dominant sector is fashion, craft and Food and Beverages (FNB) (The Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, 2021). However, the FNB sector are actually growing and developing amid this pandemic (Deloitte, 2020). Technological change is one of the key strategies to win competition and increase company performance (Akman and Dagdeviren, 2018). Therefore, by using a literature study with a theoretical approach, this study aims to find out what technological innovations are used by women entrepreneurs on the MSMEs scale in the FNB field, so that they can improve business performance and adapt toward disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study obtained a mapping model of the use of types of technological innovations ranging from production processes, storage, packaging, marketing, delivery processes, financial stages and human development processes that can help women entrepreneurs to be sustainable during the pandemic. © 2021, Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. All rights reserved.